Definition

Breast reconstruction surgery involves rebuilding the shape of a breast after a mastectomy, injury or congenital condition. The procedure can be done using breast implants or the patient’s own tissue. The goal is to create a natural-looking breast, restore symmetry and help patients feel more confident in their appearance.

Breast reconstruction differs from cosmetic breast procedures (e.g., breast augmentation, breast reduction or breast lift surgery), which are generally performed to change the size or shape of existing breasts. Nonetheless, those related procedures may be performed alongside or after reconstruction to create a more balanced appearance.

Alternative names

Reconstructive breast surgery; Breast restoration surgery; Breast rebuilding; Post-mastectomy reconstruction; Surgical breast reconstruction

Types of breast reconstruction

Breast reconstruction can be categorized into two main types:

• Implant reconstruction: This procedure involves inserting a silicone or saline implant to restore breast shape. The breast implant can be placed either immediately after the mastectomy or later, depending on the patient’s preference and health condition.
• Natural tissue reconstruction: In this procedure, tissue is taken from another part of the patient’s body — such as the abdomen, back or thighs — to create a new breast. This option can offer the look and feel of a natural breast, but it may involve a longer recovery time.

Sometimes, surgeons can combine both types of reconstructive surgery for better results.

Candidates

Here are examples of women who may consider a breast reconstruction procedure:

• Women with congenital deformities: Some women are born with conditions that affect the development of their breasts. Reconstruction can help restore a more natural look.
• Women after mastectomy: Many women who have undergone a mastectomy due to breast cancer choose reconstruction to regain the appearance of their breasts and restore symmetry.
• Women with trauma or injury: Women who have experienced significant trauma or injury to the breast area may also be candidates for reconstruction to restore the shape and appearance of the breasts.

Breast reconstruction surgery is typically done after cancer treatment is complete, and it’s important to discuss with your surgeon to determine the right approach for your needs.

Risks

Breast reconstruction surgery carries several risks and potential complications that patients should understand before proceeding:

• Bleeding
• Delayed healing
• Implant complications
• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Pain and discomfort
• Scarring
• Surgical complications
• Unsatisfactory cosmetic results

Aftercare and recovery

Recovery varies based on the type of surgical procedure and your overall health. Some methods involve a longer recovery time, especially when tissue is taken from another area of the body. Others may allow a quicker return to daily activities, but swelling and discomfort are still common.

Most patients require time off work and should limit their physical activity during the early stages of healing. Your plastic surgeon may recommend support garments and will provide detailed aftercare instructions to follow at home. Follow-up appointments enable your care team to monitor progress, manage any issues and ensure proper healing. Talk with your plastic surgeon about what to expect so you can plan for a safe recovery.

Before and after images

See how we've helped patients achieve their goals through this and other plastic surgery breast procedures.

This entry was written by Jennifer Cruz-Urbano, marketing specialist, and reviewed for accuracy by Dr. Lauren Yarholar. Generative AI was leveraged as part of the content creation process.