Ear Reconstruction
Definition
Ear reconstruction is a surgical procedure used to repair, rebuild or reshape the outer ear. The procedure may be done for people born with ear differences, such as microtia, or for people who lost part of the ear because of injury, burns, skin cancer or infection.
Ear reconstruction can also be performed to correct prominent ears that protrude from the sides of the head. In these cases, surgery moves the ears closer to the head to improve balance and appearance.
Alternative names
Auricular reconstruction; Ear rebuilding surgery; Ear repair surgery; Ear reshaping surgery; External ear reconstruction; Otoplasty for prominent ears; Microtia reconstruction
Description
Ear reconstruction procedures are different for each patient. The surgeon may rebuild the ear using:
- Cartilage from the patient’s rib
- Prosthetic ears attached to the skin
- Synthetic implants
- Tissue from nearby skin
- Cartilage from a donor
Common types of ear reconstruction procedures include:
- Ear repair after trauma or burns
- Microtia reconstruction
- Otoplasty for ears that stick out
- Prosthetic ear placement
- Skin cancer ear reconstruction
During surgery, the patient usually receives general anesthesia so they can sleep through the procedure. The surgeon carefully shapes and positions the ear to create a more natural appearance. Some patients need more than one surgery to complete the reconstruction. Surgery times vary depending on the procedure. Simple otoplasty may take 1-2 hours, while complex ear reconstruction may take several hours and more than one operation.
At the UF Health Plastic Surgery and Aesthetics Center, surgeons develop treatment plans based on the patient’s age, health and reconstruction goals.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the ear condition. Some patients need full ear reconstruction, while others only need reshaping or repair.
Related treatments may include:
- Cartilage grafting
- Hearing evaluation and treatment
- Otoplasty
- Prosthetic ear fitting
- Scar revision
- Skin grafting
Some patients can consider nonsurgical alternatives to ear reconstruction. Nonsurgical options may include:
- Ear molding for newborns with mild ear shape differences
- Hairstyles or accessories to cover the ears
- Prosthetic ears
However, nonsurgical methods may not permanently correct the ear’s structure. Children with hearing problems related to ear differences may also need hearing aids or other hearing treatments.
Before the procedure
Patients meet with a plastic surgeon for an exam and consultation. The surgeon reviews medical history, discusses goals and explains the risks and benefits of surgery.
Patients may need:
- Blood tests or imaging studies
- Hearing tests
- Photographs of the ears
- Physical exams
The surgeon may ask patients to:
- Arrange transportation home after surgery
- Avoid aspirin and some medicines
- Follow eating and drinking instructions before anesthesia
- Stop smoking before surgery
Parents of children having surgery are given instructions about recovery and follow-up visits.
After the procedure
The ears are usually covered with bandages to protect the area and reduce swelling. Mild pain, bruising and swelling are common during the first few days.
How long ear reconstruction surgery takes to heal depends on the procedure. Many patients return to school, work or light activities within 1-2 weeks. Full healing may take several months, especially after complex reconstruction.
Patients should avoid:
- Contact sports until approved by the surgeon
- Pulling or rubbing the ears
- Sleeping on the ears
Follow-up visits are important to check healing and monitor results. Patients should contact their doctor if they develop:
- Bleeding
- Fever
- Increased swelling
- Severe pain
- Signs of infection
Potential side effects
Possible side effects and risks may include:
- Bleeding
- Bruising
- Changes in skin sensation
- Implant problems if synthetic materials are used
- Infection
- Pain or discomfort
- Scarring
- Swelling
- Uneven ear shape
Some patients may need additional procedures to improve the final appearance. Surgeons can discuss these risks before surgery, so patients understand possible complications.
Outlook
The outlook after ear reconstruction is usually positive. Many patients are pleased with the appearance and feel more confident after treatment.
Long-term outcomes depend on the type of surgery, the healing process and the patient's overall health. In many cases, reconstructed ears keep their shape for many years. Some patients may need touch-up procedures later in life.
This entry was written by Jennifer Cruz-Urbano, marketing specialist, and reviewed for accuracy by Dr. Lauren Yarholar. Generative AI was leveraged as part of the content creation process.