Tensilon test
Definition
The Tensilon test is a method to help diagnose myasthenia gravis.
Alternative Names
Myasthenia gravis - Tensilon test
How the Test is Performed
A medicine called Tensilon (also called edrophonium) or a dummy medicine (inactive placebo) is given during this test. The health care provider gives the medicine through one of your veins (intravenously, through an IV). You may also be given a medicine called atropine before receiving Tensilon so that you do not know you are getting the medicine.
You will be asked to perform some muscle movements over and over again, such as crossing and uncrossing your legs or getting up from a sitting position in a chair. The provider will check whether the Tensilon improves your muscle strength. If you have weakness of the eye or face muscles, the effect of the Tensilon on this will also be monitored.
The test may be repeated and you may have other Tensilon tests to help tell the difference between myasthenia gravis and other conditions.
How to Prepare for the Test
No special preparation is usually necessary. Follow your provider's instructions about how to prepare.
How the Test will Feel
You will feel a sharp prick as the IV needle is inserted. The drug may cause a feeling of a churning of the stomach or a slight feeling of increased heart rate, especially if atropine is not given first.
Why the Test is Performed
The test helps:
- Diagnose myasthenia gravis
- Tell the difference between myasthenia gravis and other similar brain and nervous system conditions
- Monitor treatment with oral anticholinesterase drugs
The test may also be done for conditions such as Lambert-Eaton syndrome. This is a disorder in which faulty communication between nerves and muscles leads to muscle weakness.
What Abnormal Results Mean
In many people with myasthenia gravis, the muscle weakness will improve right after receiving Tensilon. The improvement lasts only a few minutes. For some types of myasthenia, Tensilon may make the weakness worse.
When the disease gets worse enough to need treatment (myasthenic crisis), there is a brief improvement in muscle strength.
When there is an overdose of anticholinesterase (cholinergic crisis), Tensilon will make the person even weaker.
Risks
The medicine used during the test may cause side effects, including fainting or breathing failure. This is why the test is done by a provider in a medical setting.
Gallery
References
Guptill JT, Sanders DB. Disorders of neuromuscular transmission. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 108.
Zhou J, Nozari A, Bateman B, Allen PD, Pessah IN. Neuromuscular disorders including malignant hyperthermia and other genetic disorders. In: Gropper MA, ed. Miller's Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 35.